ELEMENTI USTAVNOSTI U RIMSKOJ REPUBLICI

Abstract

Apstrakt

Cilj ovog rada je da analiziramo da li je i u kojoj meri postojala ustavnost u Rimskoj republici. Rimska republika bila je složena država, u kojoj je nastao jedan od najpoznatijih zakonika u istoriji čovečanstva, Zakonik XII tablica, kao i mnogi instituti koji i danas postoje u modernim državama. Prvi deo rada posvećen je Zakoniku XII tablica, razlozima za njegovo donošenje i tome da li je on imao ustavni karakter. Znamo da je jedan od glavnih ciljeva modernih ustava ograničavanje vlasti i uspostavljanje mehanizama za balansiranje vlasti. Iz tog razloga, drugi deo rada bavi se pitanjem ograničenja vlasti u Rimskoj republici i načinima na koje su to postizali putem različitih instituta i mehanizama u Starom Rimu. Treći i četvrti deo rada vezani su za mos maiorum i za prve dve političke opcije tog doba, optimate i populare.

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to analyze whether and to what extent there was constitutionalism in the Roman Republic. The Roman Republic was a complex state in which one of the most famous legal codes of humanity, the Twelve Tables, was created, as well as many institutes that still exist in modern states today. The first part of the paper is dedicated to the Twelve Tables, the reasons for their creation, and whether it had a constitutional character. One of the main goals of modern constitutions is to limit power and establish mechanisms for balancing power. For this reason, the second part of the paper deals with the limitations of power in the Roman Republic and the ways in which these limitations were achieved through various institutes and mechanism in Ancient Rome. The third and fourth parts of the paper are related to mos maiorum and the first two political factions of that time, the optimates and populares.